Norway was one of the very first countries in the world to establish a
deposit return system (DRS) for reusable bottles, with a system for refillable glass containers first established as far back as 1902, and automated return of refillable glass bottles through so-called reverse vending machines (RVMs) first coming into play in the early 1970s.
Norway’s deposit return system for single-use beverage containers is unique in that it was created voluntarily by the beverage and grocery retail industries. The system for non-reusable or “one-way” containers – including cans and PET – was implemented in 1999, driven by an element unique to Norway: environmental taxation imposed by the Norwegian government.
To this day, there is a basic tax for beverage producers on all single-use containers, plus a variable environmental tax that is reduced as return rates increase. Containers with a 95% return rate or more are exempt from the environmental tax, creating a compelling financial incentive for producers to participate in the DRS and achieve the highest possible return rate.