I think this has come up before, but Union Station is federally protected. There is a federal
Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act. I've included a link to the act, and the associated regulations. Basically, from my reading, to alter heritage features, there is a bureaucratic process the federal government has to follow in response to an application, then the federal environment minister has to approve it, and then the federal cabinet has to vote to approve it as well.
I imagine there would be legal challenges from supporters of the train shed at various stages of the process. I suppose any MP or senator could propose an amendment to the act to specifically exclude the train shed from the Union Station designation, but that would require legislation to pass through parliament. There may be other heritage protections for the train shed at the provincial level as well.
Heritage properties do regularly get altered, and many are not preserved in total, so this idea is not legally dead. But the process may make it difficult to unlikely to happen.
To put a little meat on the Act, the normal process would be for the proponent (usually the property owner) to put forward a proposal outlining the alterations proposed. (This would typically require a fair bit of background work with moderately explicit architectural and engineering detail. One can't simply propose to demolish as an idea without describing what will replace the structure)
(In this case, with various agencies owning various parts of Union Station, I would see demolishing the trainshed as a likely non-starter simply because all of these agencies would have to reach a consensus on commissioning and funding a design and then blessing the product...likely with a fair bit of public input demanded......given the politics involved I doubt that all that is easily achieved..... and then some agency or level of government would have to fund the construction.)
The proposal would be reviewed by the federal heritage bureaucracy - it appears Parks Canada has the lead role, although the responsibility for heritage matters seema to move around in cabinet shuffles, and other ministries may seek a role as well. The proposal would likely take some haggling and revision to satisfy the staff that the alterations are appropriate and reasonable. Some conservation measures would likely be required - that might mean conserving some elements, or less likely moving the trainshed somewhere else for some other purpose.
Then the proposal with a staff recommendation in support would be put before the Historic Sites and Monuments Board, a deliberative body with its own mandate under the Historic Sites and Monuments Act. Again, at this stage, the Board must hear from the public before rendering its decision.
If the Board supported the proposal, it would go to the Minister for a decision. I don't see any appeal process spelled out in the Act, so the Minister's decision would be final.... not that stops people from mounting challenges in court.
All in all, while there may be a very good argument that the trainshed is awful, I just don't see all the stars aligning to move this along. If you look at how long it has taken to deal with Penn Station in New York, timing and vision and funding are all critical. And at the moment, which would we rather have....a nicer trainshed, or an extension of our LRT, subway and GO network ? The money may be better spent on other things right how.
- Paul