I realize I'm already well into the self-indulgence zone, but I wanted to share some of my experiences on Mumbai transit. I've mostly gotten around by car, but I did make a point to take the bus (my first time in ~10 yrs) and metro (my first time ever!). I did
not take the local railways, which are how the masses of poor to lower-middle class get across long distances (and even upper-middle class, since the metro is still poorly connected and the buses are too slow for long commutes). I have seen inside some of local railways cars, and they are
packed, even in first class.
For reference, a second-class local railway trip would be around 5 rupees, first-class would be more like 80 rupees, the bus cost 10 rupees for my short ride, the metro is comparable to first-class railway. The metro and bus are fare-zoned; not sure about the local railways. 1 CAD is about 70 rupees.
Here's the inside of a bus. Riders tend to board from the back and don't scan or deposit money upon entering. Instead, a conductor comes around to collect fares based on your destination. This gets a bit hectic when 20 schoolkids board at once, and I'm sure some of them manage to get off without paying. Many of the buses have been upgraded to have cushioned seats and air conditioning in the last 10 years; this one hadn't. There's a bell to ring, but only the conductor ever rings it. Rather than indicating that you want to get off, it tells the bus driver to keep going after a stop.
Here are some photos from a trip on the metro's Aqua Line. This is the only line in Mumbai to run underground; the rest are elevated. (There is no space in Mumbai for a surface train.) Note that Mumbai's metro is very much under construction, which I hope will relieve the problems with connectivity. This line, which connects Colaba/Cuffe Parade (the most touristy area) to the special economic zone of SEEPZ in central Mumbai, opened in 2024 and is still being extended. The ridership is low, partly because it's so new, partly because the whole network's connectivity is low, and partly because the fares are out of reach for many poorer people.
My trip was between the historic Marathi stronghold of Dadar and Girgaon, the area around Chowpatty Beach. The metro stations are all mostly decked out in millennial grey granite with harsh LED lighting, but they're clean and well-maintained.
Here's an entrance:
Staffed ticket counter and help desk. Signage is generally in either Marathi and English or Marathi, Hindi, and English.
Everyone has to pass through security—separate lines for ladies and gentlemen. (Since the 2000s terrorist attacks, there's security everywhere.) The fare gates require scanning a QR code, either from your phone or from a paper ticket purchased at the counter.
Descending a couple levels to the platform: look at those screen doors!
The train arrives. Here you can see a retractable belt demarcating a ladies' section, mostly for women traveling alone.
Finally, a couple views (from inside a car) of some elevated lines. These are Mankhurd and Deonar stations on the elevated Yellow Line.
And this is (I think) RBI Colony station in the Navi Mumbai Metro. Navi Mumbai is one of the larger Mumbai suburbs; it currently has one line, which is being extended, and another under construction. Currently no metro connectivity to Mumbai proper's network.